A comparative study of digital M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) and QPSK modulationformats for high-speed transmission is presented. Based on VPI optical simulation software. This paper builds ...

DC-DC converters are essential for integrating distributed energy resources into microgrid (MG) systems. Tese converters are designed to incorporate intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) ...

Superconductivity has been discovered in many different types of materials, such as metals, metallic alloys, doped semiconductors, cuprate oxides, heavy fermion superconductors, and so on; and now recently bi-layer and ...

In general, a superconducting state is described by three critical parameters, such as, critical transition temperature (Tc), critical magnetic field (Hc), and critical current density (Jc) or density of states at the ...

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a cost-effective technique of optical sensor that utilizes the reused wavelength in the customer’s premises. This has been achieved by utilizing the saturated EDFA to suppress ...