Improving aquaculture productivity in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya: Addressing pathogens, water quality, and management challenges

Abstract

Aquaculture in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, has grown significantly due to government support, favorable climatic conditions, and an increasing demand for fish as a protein source. However, fish farming in the region faces severe challenges from pathogenic parasites and microbes, which significantly impact fish health and aquaculture productivity. Poor water quality, overcrowded ponds, and agricultural runoff exacerbate the proliferation of pathogens, including protozoan parasites (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis), monogeneans (Gyrodactylus species), bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda), and fungal infections (Saprolegnia species). These pathogens cause diseases that lead to high mortality rates, reduced productivity, and economic losses. This review synthesizes current research on fish pathogens in Uasin Gishu, contextualizing the findings within regional and global frameworks, and identifies critical gaps in disease management. It also proposes strategies to mitigate disease prevalence, improve water quality, and enhance aquaculture sustainability.